Toxic posterior segment syndrome induced by silicone oil tamponade after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a case report

PURPOSE: To report a clinical case of silicone oil-induced toxic posterior segment syndrome (TPSS) after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 75-year-old female developed TPSS with retinal hemorrhage and vessel sheathing after 25-G pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade for left-eye RRD, had recurrent RRD after silicone oil removal, and achieved complete resolution of inflammation at 1-month follow-up after reoperation with 12% C₃F₈ gas tamponade instead of silicone oil, with laboratory tests confirming silicone oil-induced intense intraocular inflammation. CONCLUSION: Silicone oil can induce early postoperative toxic posterior segment syndrome (TPSS), and 12% C₃F₈ inert gas is a viable alternative tamponade material for such cases.