Effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the health belief model on eco-driving behaviors among taxi drivers in Tehran

Air pollution in Tehran, mainly caused by vehicular emissions, poses a serious public health threat. Eco-driving practices are considered effective behavioral strategies to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model in promoting eco-driving behaviors among taxi drivers. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in February 2025 among 80 male yellow line taxi drivers in Tehran, randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention included two structured training sessions developed according to HBM constructs. Data were collected at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and three months later using a validated questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using parametric and non-parametric tests. Compared with controls, the intervention group showed significant improvements in awareness, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, self-efficacy, and eco-driving behaviors immediately after the intervention and at three-month follow-up (p ≤ 0.001). Cues to action improved significantly only at follow-up, whereas perceived barriers did not show sustained change. HBM-based education effectively enhanced both cognitive constructs and eco-driving behaviors among taxi drivers. While educational interventions can lead to meaningful behavioral improvements, addressing structural and economic barriers through supportive policy measures is essential for the long-term sustainability of eco-driving practices.