The role of biomedical engineering in public health management: advances, impact, and emerging challenges

Biomedical engineering has emerged as a transformative force in modern healthcare systems, enhancing diagnostic precision, therapeutic interventions, biomaterials, regenerative medicine, digital health technologies, and robotic-assisted surgery. Advancements in the field of biomedical engineering (Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven imaging, wearable biosensors, 4-Dimensional (D) scaffolding, 3D bioprinting, vaccine biomanufacturing, and personalized AI platforms) are enhancing precision medicine, disease surveillance, surgical accuracy, and resilience against diseases. Despite this, their utility is limited by many factors in public health management, which include exorbitant costs, regulatory hurdles, infrastructure limitations, workforce deficits, data privacy risks, algorithmic biases, and profound global inequities in low resource environments. Translational roadblocks in bench-to-bed translation also exist, apart from failures of interoperable, translation, translation ethics, and sustainability in financial translation. Prospective trajectories prioritize agile regulations, eco-sustainable biomanufacturing, digital inclusivity, and robust supply chains to harmonize technological ingenuity with administrative acumen. This review integrates progress in the domain areas, explains the engineering-management synergies through health technology assessment and the value paradigm shift, and outlines the cross-cutting drivers such as synergy through interdisciplinarity and policy innovation with equity.