Lighting as a Spatial Mediator in Museum Interior Architecture: A Theoretical Framework

Museum lighting has evolved beyond its traditional technical role to become an active architectural element that shapes spatial perception, artifact conservation, and visitor experience. However, research on daylighting, artificial lighting, human perception, and museum conservation remains largely fragmented, limiting the development of integrated design strategies. This study develops a theoretical framework that conceptualizes lighting as a spatial mediator linking architecture, human perception, conservation requirements, and visitor experience within museum interior architecture. The framework is constructed through a critical synthesis of interdisciplinary literature spanning architecture, environmental psychology, lighting design, museum studies, and heritage conservation. It integrates daylighting strategies, perceptual theories, adaptive lighting technologies, and conservation principles into a unified conceptual model that explains how lighting simultaneously influences spatial atmosphere, visitor behavior, and artifact preservation. The study positions lighting as an adaptive design system and proposes design guidelines that balance experiential quality, sustainability, and preventive conservation. The framework offers a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for architects, museum professionals, and lighting designers seeking to create more integrated, engaging, and conservation-sensitive museum environments.