Association Between a Refined Multidisciplinary Team-Based Care Model and Scalp Cooling Efficacy for Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Outcomes Among Breast Cancer Patients: A Single-Institution Retrospective Before–After Study

Background: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) significantly impacts patient quality of life (QoL). Scalp cooling therapy (SCT) is effective, but its success in clinical settings remains variable. Objective: To evaluate the association between a refined multidisciplinary team-based approach, integrating appearance care professionals, and SCT efficacy in breast cancer patients. Methods: This retrospective before–after single-institution study compared SCT outcomes before (Group A, n = 66) and after (Group B, n = 79) implementing a refined care model among patients who completed their full planned chemotherapy courses. The baseline characteristics were comparable except for a significantly higher proportion of patients starting a weekly regimen in Group B (54.4% vs. 30.3%, p = 0.004). The model featured enhanced staff training, a specialized hair/scalp charting system, and task-sharing between nurses and integrated certified hairdressers. The primary endpoint was the number of cycles with Grade 2 or higher alopecia (CTCAE v5.0). Results: The refined approach was associated with improved scalp cooling outcomes. The percentage of patients with Grade 2+ alopecia at treatment completion decreased from 53.0% in Group A to 32.9% in Group B (p = 0.015). The overall proportion of time spent with Grade 2+ alopecia fell from 17.3% to 6.5% (p < 0.001). In the ddAC f/b wPTX regimen, the median number of Grade 2+ cycles reduced from 10.0 to 4.0 (p = 0.033). While the wPTX f/b ddAC regimen showed a numerical reduction (1.0 vs. 0.0 cycles), it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.326). Conclusions: The refined multidisciplinary approach, including the integration of appearance care professionals, was associated with improved scalp cooling outcomes and lower median cycle numbers across regimens. Although these findings may be partly influenced by the baseline imbalance in chemotherapy regimens, this comprehensive team-based care model offers a feasible strategy for enhancing patient support in oncology settings.