Visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure variability, blood pressure treatment intensity, and cognitive decline

INTRODUCTION: Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) may be associated with cognitive decline beyond mean blood pressure (BP), but its relevance across treatment contexts remains uncertain. METHODS: We pooled individual-participant data from ACCORD-MIND and SPRINT-MIND trials (n=11,104). Participants had baseline and follow-up cognitive testing and ≥3 BP measurements from 3 months onwards. The primary exposure was systolic BP variation independent of the mean (SBP-VIM). The primary outcome was annualized change in standardize Digit Symbol Substitution or Coding Test Z-scores. RESULTS: Each 10% increment in SBP-VIM was independently associated with faster annual cognitive decline (β=-0.008 per year; 95% CI, -0.014 to -0.003) after adjustment including mean systolic BP. Associations were observed in the intensive but not standard BP treatment arms of both trials, although the pooled interaction was not statistically significant (P=0.054). DISCUSSION: Higher systolic BPV was associated with accelerated cognitive decline independently of mean BP. The exploratory treatment-context pattern warrants prospective confirmation. Trial registration: SPRINT-MIND: NCT01206062; ACCORD-MIND: NCT00000620 (ClinicalTrials.gov).