Sanskrit and Science: Exploring the Scientific Heritage of Ancient India

Abstract: Sanskrit occupies a unique position in the intellectual history of India. More than a literary and sacred language, it served as a medium for preserving and transmitting diverse forms of scientific knowledge. Ancient Indian scholars employed Sanskrit to record observations, formulate theories, and communicate discoveries in fields such as astronomy, mathematics, medicine, linguistics, architecture, psychology, and environmental studies. The scientific traditions embedded in Sanskrit literature reveal systematic methods of inquiry that combined empirical observation with philosophical reflection. This article explores the relationship between Sanskrit and science by examining major scientific disciplines represented in Sanskrit texts. It highlights the contributions of ancient Indian thinkers and discusses the contemporary relevance of Sanskrit-based knowledge systems. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the paper argues that Sanskrit literature constitutes a valuable resource for understanding the development of scientific thought in India and offers insights that continue to inspire modern research.