Energy Requirements of Sixth Generation (6G) Communication Networks: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Technologies and Sustainable Solutions

This review paper examines the energy requirements of Sixth Generation (6G) communication networks and the emerging technologies expected to shape future wireless systems. The paper reviews Artificial Intelligence (AI), Terahertz communication, Massive MIMO, Edge Computing, Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN), with particular emphasis on their impact on network energy consumption. It also discusses sustainable solutions including renewable energy integration, AI-based energy management, energy harvesting, and Green Communication techniques. This work is an independent literature review intended for academic learning and educational purposes and does not report original experimental research.