Metal nanostructure‐coupled label‐free localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors for rapid and sensitive disease diagnosis

Abstract Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) technology is capable of detecting biomarkers in biological samples quickly and accurately outside the lab. LSPR is highly sensitive to the dielectric environment on the surface of metal nanostructures and can detect biomolecular binding through real‐time wavelength shift measurements. It is suitable for rapid, simple, and sample‐saving analysis while also enabling sensor miniaturization. Although the limitation of sensitivity is a challenge, it has shown potential in bioanalytical sensing. Therefore, the latest progress of biosensor technology based on LSPR in various marker sensing and detection is reviewed, as well as its effective role in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, cancers, chronic and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic, and other systemic diseases. Through the improvement of nanostructures, as well as the development of micro‐nano processing technology and microfluidic technology, the LSPR biosensing detection technology has opened up a new perspective for the detection of biomarkers in medical and environmental structures. Meanwhile, corresponding strategies for improving the sensing performance of LSPR biosensors coupled with gold nanoparticles and their future development have also been proposed.