COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF VARIOUS SNEHA DRAVYAS USED IN BASTI KARMA: A REVIEW OF CLASSICAL AND CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE

Background: Basti Karma is considered the prime therapeutic modality for the management of Vata Dosha in Ayurveda. The efficacy of Basti largely depends upon the selection of appropriate Sneha (unctuous substance) used in its formulation. Various Sneha Dravyas such as Tila Taila, Mahamasha Taila, Sahacharadi Taila, Ksheerabala Taila, and Ghrita are described in Ayurvedic classics for different disease conditions. Understanding their comparative therapeutic efficacy is essential for evidence-based clinical practice. Objectives: To review and compare different Sneha Dravyas used in Basti Karma with respect to their pharmacological properties, indications, therapeutic efficacy, and clinical applications. Methods: A comprehensive review of classical Ayurvedic texts including Brihattrayi and Laghutrayi, contemporary Ayurvedic literature, research articles, dissertations, and indexed journals was undertaken. Information regarding the properties, indications, mode of action, and clinical utility of various Sneha used in Basti was collected, analysed, and compared. Results: Different Sneha exhibit distinct pharmacodynamic actions based on their Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka, and Prabhava. Tila Taila was found to be the most commonly used Sneha due to its Vatahara, Sukshma, and Vyavayi properties. Ksheerabala Taila demonstrated superior nourishing and neuroprotective effects, while Mahamasha Taila showed significant efficacy in neuromuscular disorders. Ghrita-based Basti was found beneficial in conditions associated with Pitta and Vata vitiation. The selection of Sneha according to Dosha, Dushya, disease stage, and patient constitution enhances therapeutic outcomes. Conclusion: The therapeutic success of Basti Karma is significantly influenced by the choice of Sneha. Each Sneha possesses unique properties and indications, making individualized selection essential for achieving optimal clinical results. Further comparative clinical studies are required to establish standardized guidelines for Sneha selection in Basti therapy.