THE ROLE OF P53 EXPRESSION IN ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA AND ITS RELATION TO CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is a primary malignant epithelial tumor, typically with glandular differentiation, that develops in the endometrium and has the potential to invade and metastasize. It ranks sixth among all female cancers, occurring primarily in postmenopausal women. Its incidence is rising due to aging populations and obesity-related factors. The p53 protein is an Immunohistochemical marker assists in prognosis of differentiating tumor subtypes. Aim of the Study: To evaluate the role of immunohistochemical expression of p53 in endometrial carcinoma and study the relationship with the clinical and pathological parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective and prospective study was carried out in Basra province. The Data were collected from Basra Teaching Hospitals and private laboratories during the period from January 2020 through September 2025. The study includes 170 histopathological diagnosed cases of endometrial carcinoma representing different histological variants, of which only 57 cases of available paraffin wax blocks were evaluated for p53 expression. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 29.0; the collected data were presented as frequency and percentage tables, and Pearson’s chi-square test and Exact Fisher test were used to determine if any statistical association was significant or not, and the p-value < 0.05 was considered significant in this study. Results: A total of 170 histopathological diagnosed cases of endometrial carcinoma were included in the study. Of these, only 57 cases of available paraffin wax blocks were stained for p53 expression. The mean age 59.7 ±9.47years, age distribution of women ranged from 30 - 77 years old, predominantly in the age group of 61-70 years, with 38.7% and this was statistically significant. Endometrioid EC was the most common variant (82,4%). The majority of cases were diagnosed in grade 2 (44.7%). Stage 1 tumors were the most frequent (76.5%). Immunohistochemical staining revealed a 52.6% for wild subtype for p53 expression, (47.4%) for mutant strong expression subtypes. Conclusions: Endometrioid carcinoma was the most common variant, with high incidence of EC Between Postmenopausal Women, and the peak incidence occurring in the 6th and 7th decades of life. A significant statistical association was observed between p53 expression with non-endometrioid tumor variants (serous, clear cell carcinoma and carcinosarcoma) but not with tumor grades.