LOKA-PURUṢA SIDDHĀNTA: BRIDGING ĀYURVEDA AND ŚRῙMAD BHAGAVAD GῙTĀ

Loka–Puruṣa Siddhānta is one of the fundamental philosophical doctrines of Āyurveda, explaining the correspondence between the macrocosm (Loka) and the microcosm (Puruṣa). This principle forms the basis for understanding the structural, functional and spiritual relationship between the human body and the universe. The present review aimed to explore the concept of Loka–Puruṣa Siddhānta described in Caraka Saṃhitā, examine its practical applications in physiology, pathology and diagnosis and compare its philosophical significance with the teachings of the Śrīmad Bhagavad Gītā. Relevant references were compiled from Caraka Saṃhitā, Śrīmad Bhagavad Gītā and supporting classical literature, including the Śrīmad Devī Bhāgavata Purāṇa. The collected concepts were critically analysed and interpreted. The review demonstrates that Ācārya Caraka employed natural phenomena and illustrative analogies (Dṛṣṭānta) to explain physiological functions, pathological changes and disease recognition, thereby making complex concepts easier to understand and apply in clinical practice. A comparison with the Śrīmad Bhagavad Gītā reveals striking philosophical similarities, particularly in the concepts of Sāttvika Jñāna, Samadarśana, Jñāna and Nivṛtti as the means to Mokṣa. Although the Bhagavad Gītā does not explicitly describe Loka–Puruṣa Siddhānta, its teachings strongly support the same principle of the unity of the individual and the universe. References from the Purāṇa and contemporary observations further demonstrate the enduring relevance of this doctrine. Thus, Loka–Puruṣa Siddhānta serves as a bridge between Ayurvedic science and Indian spiritual philosophy, offering a holistic perspective on health, disease, life and liberation.