PHYTOCHEMICAL RICHNESS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF SYZYGIUM CARYOPHYLLATUM (L.) ALSTON: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Herbal medicine has gained global recognition due to its natural origin and reduced side effects. Syzygium caryophyllatum, commonly known as wild black plum, is an evergreen tree native to Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats of India. Traditionally, different parts of the plant have been used to treat diabetes, infections, inflammation, and gastrointestinal disorders. Modern studies have demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, larvicidal, anticancer, and anti‑inflammatory activities. These pharmacological effects are attributed to phytoconstituents such as phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and essential oils rich in sesquiterpenoids. This review analyzing phytochemistry and pharmacology, and highlights the potential of S. caryophyllatum as a candidate for hepatoprotective research.