Modelos organizacionales de cuidados intensivos y desenlaces clínicos hospitalarios en pacientes adultos críticos. Revisión sistemática

Intensive Care Units (ICUs) provide continuous, specialized care to critically ill patients requiring close monitoring, advanced life support, and multidisciplinary management (Lancaster et al., 2022; Oh & Song, 2023). A systematic review with a narrative synthesis of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies was conducted. The report was prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) statement (Page, 2020). The review aimed to analyze all available evidence regarding organizational models within ICUs and patient outcomes in cases of hemodynamic instability. Early detection of clinical deterioration is essential for delivering effective and timely care; recognizing changes in a patient's condition at an early stage ensures appropriate nursing interventions that can prevent potential adverse events and complications, thereby reducing the need for intensive care, mortality rates, and post-ICU syndrome. The analyzed evidence indicates that ICU organizational models influence clinical outcomes for critically ill patients, although their effects are not consistent across all contexts.