Deductive Verification of Temporal Collisions in Distributed Message Brokers

Asynchronous message brokers with at-least-once delivery semantics—Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ, and NATS JetStream—exhibit a fundamental temporal collision: a consumer may crash between storing a result and committing the offset, causing duplicate execution upon redelivery. We present a formal verification study across all three brokers under four delivery modes using 12 TLA+ models and TLC model checking (108 configurations), cross-validated with Docker and Toxiproxy fault injection. Pulse-coupled synchronization is shown not to eliminate the crash window

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-07-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21298528
Primary Topic
Distributed systems and fault tolerance
Type
preprint
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preprint

Deductive Verification of Temporal Collisions in Distributed Message Brokers

Illia Rochev
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Distributed systems and fault tolerance
preprint

Deductive Verification of Temporal Collisions in Distributed Message Brokers

Illia Rochev
preprint en

Abstract

Asynchronous message brokers with at-least-once delivery semantics—Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ, and NATS JetStream—exhibit a fundamental temporal collision: a consumer may crash between storing a result and committing the offset, causing duplicate execution upon redelivery. We present a formal verification study across all three brokers under four delivery modes using 12 TLA+ models and TLC model checking (108 configurations), cross-validated with Docker and Toxiproxy fault injection. Pulse-coupled synchronization is shown not to eliminate the crash window

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Distributed systems and fault tolerance
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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Deductive Verification of Temporal Collisions in Distributed Message Brokers — Illia Rochev · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS