Materials and Device Engineering for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Photovoltaics

Rapid advances in photovoltaic technology have driven its exponential global deployment, establishing solar power as a central pillar of future electricity generation. Among next-generation photovoltaic concepts, perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells offer a compelling pathway to surpass the ∼29.4% efficiency limit of conventional crystalline-silicon devices at manufacturing scale. Laboratory demonstrations have already exceeded this threshold, enabled by innovations in perovskite composition engineering, additive incorporation, interfacial passivation, optimized charge-selective contacts, and improved silicon bottom-cell architectures. This Review provides an integrated overview of perovskite material fundamentals and device-engineering strategies that have propelled these rapid efficiency gains. Emphasis is placed on the interplay between performance, stability, and manufacturability of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandems, outlining key challenges and opportunities that will determine their progression from laboratory prototypes to commercially viable photovoltaic technologies.