Do Dedicated Research Years Matter? Perspectives From Plastic Surgery Program Leadership

Background: Plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) remains highly competitive, with increasing emphasis on research during residency selection. This study evaluates PRS leadership perspectives on dedicated research years. Methods: A web-based survey was distributed to program directors, associate program directors, and department/division chairs of all US integrated PRS programs between January and March 2025. The survey included multiple-choice, Likert-scale, and open-ended items assessing perceptions of research fellowships. Responses were analyzed descriptively and thematically. Results: The survey elicited 65 total responses (26.2% response rate). Most respondents (49.2%) held a neutral perception of dedicated research years, and 81.5% believed their primary purpose was to strengthen applicants’ curricula vitae. Research fellowships were most recommended for international medical graduates (52.3%) and applicants with weaker academic metrics (46.2%). Clinical outcomes research was the most frequently endorsed fellowship type (53.8%), with manuscript publication and first-author papers rated as the strongest indicators of success. Respondents preferred 1-year fellowships (67.7%) and favored completion at nonhome institutions (67.7%). Barriers to pursuing research years included personal finances and lack of funding opportunities. Most respondents (66.2%) recommended a preliminary surgical year over a research year for unmatched applicants. Conclusions: Overall, PRS leadership generally views research fellowships neutrally, favoring individualized decisions. Ensuring equitable access and thoughtful evaluation of research productivity remains critical as selection evolves.