Usability Evaluation of the Pharmacist-Integrated Sahabat DM Application for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management in Indonesian Primary Care Using SEQ and SUS Instruments

<ns5:p> Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health challenge, characterized by rapidly increasing prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. In line with the increasing trend, the number of T2DM cases in Indonesia is projected to reach 28.6 million by 2045, ranking among the highest worldwide. To address this growing challenge, digital health application offer promising strategies to enhance diabetes self-management through continuous monitoring, medication reminders, and patient education, particularly in community-based settings. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the usability and user experience of <ns5:italic>Sahabat DM</ns5:italic> digital health application for T2DM management in Indonesian community health centers using the Single Ease Question (SEQ) and System Usability Scale (SUS) instruments. Methods A descriptive usability evaluation was conducted among 20 adult patients with T2DM recruited from community health centers. Participants performed 10 predefined tasks representing major application features, followed by SEQ assessments after each task and a SUS questionnaire upon completion. Subsequently, descriptive statistics such as mean, median, and standard deviation values were calculated for both instruments, and usability classifications were determined according to established scoring standards. Results The mean SEQ score was 5.5 ± 0.22, indicating that participants perceived the application “fairly easy” to operate. The average SUS score was 72.0 ± 7.1, classified as “Good” usability on Bangor’s adjective scale. High SEQ and SUS ratings showed the application’s intuitive layout, clear task flow, and efficient navigation. However, the lowest SEQ rating was observed in the “Report Side Effects” task, suggesting potential opportunities for optimization in data entry and user guidance. Conclusion <ns5:italic>The Sahabat DM</ns5:italic> application demonstrated good usability and user acceptance among patients with T2DM, confirming the potential to support pharmacist-led diabetes self-management in Indonesian community health centers. Moreover, further large-scale and longitudinal studies are recommended to validate clinical outcomes and optimize the design for broader implementation. </ns5:p>