Eco-Constructive Modules for Urban Environmental Remediation in Arid Conditions: A Systematic Review of Concepts, Classification Approaches, and Qualimetric Evaluation Methods

Rapid urbanization in arid climates is accompanied by comprehensive degradation of the urban environment, where traditional approaches to greening demonstrate low sustainability due to water scarcity and extreme temperature conditions. This paper presents a systematic review of contemporary concepts, classification approaches, and methods for the quantitative assessment of eco-constructive modules designed for the local rehabilitation of urban systems. A critical synthesis of the evolution of nature-inspired solutions was conducted, revealing conceptual and terminological fragmentation and the absence of climate-adapted classifications for arid regions. The necessity of transitioning from local analytical monitoring to multi-criteria qualimetric assessment is substantiated. As a result, a conceptual matrix for classifying modules based on parameters of function, scale, technological autonomy, and climate adaptation has been developed, and a methodological framework for calculating an integral index of ecological potential has been proposed. The critical role of parametric design and microclimatic modeling in the pre-project validation of solutions is demonstrated. The proposed scientific and applied framework addresses the identified research gaps, providing a reproducible methodology for the design, quantitative assessment, and regulatory integration of modular systems. The results lay the foundation for transforming passive urban surfaces into an active network of local sanitation.