An Integrated Approach for Preparing Passenger Cars for Operation Considering Resource Limitations

The article proposes an integrated approach to prepare passenger cars for operation considering resource constraints and seasonal fluctuations in passenger traffic. The study is based on an analysis of the operational data on the volume of passenger car washing and water consumption during the period 2017–2024. The work uses methods of statistical analysis, regression modeling and numerical optimization. A close correlation between the number of passenger cars in the train and water consumption has been established, which allowed the formation of the corresponding regression dependencies and their integration into the structure of the optimization model. A mathematical model has been developed considering the time, resource and labor parameters of the process of preparing passenger vehicles and ensures a rational allocation of resources. The objective function combines time costs and the cost of processes using weighting factors, and the system of constraints considers technological, resource and organizational aspects. The model is adapted to variable operating conditions and provides for the possibility of scenario analysis. The results of the study showed that the use of automated passenger car wash complexes allows the reduction of water consumption by 10–12% and reduces the duration of washing by up to 20%. The use of the optimization model ensures a reduction of the total time for train preparation by 18–22% and a reduction in operating costs by 12–16%, which indicates an increase in the efficiency of resource use. Additionally, it was found that the introduction of automated technologies contributes to the reduction of the negative impact on the environment by reducing water consumption and reducing the level of wastewater pollution. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the feasibility of its application in passenger cars’ maintenance systems.