Bronze Leonardo–Lucas sequence spaces and their geometric properties

In this paper, the Bronze Leonardo–Lucas matrix, denoted by $$\Gamma =(\acute{\text {BC}}_{{\mathfrak {n}}{\mathfrak {k}}})_{{{\mathfrak {n}}},{{{\mathfrak {k}}}} \in {\mathbb {N}}_0}$$ Γ = ( BC ´ n k ) n , k ∈ N 0 is defined by $$\begin{aligned} \acute{\text {BC}}_{{\mathfrak {n}}{\mathfrak {k}}} = {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \dfrac{3\acute{\text {BC}}_{\mathfrak {k}}}{4\acute{\text { BC}}_{\mathfrak {n}}+\acute{\text { BC}}_{{\mathfrak {n}}-1}+3{\mathfrak {n}}-10} & 1 \le {\mathfrak {k}} \le {\mathfrak {n}}, \ 0, & {\mathfrak {k}} > {\mathfrak {n}}, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$ BC ´ n k = 3 BC ´ k 4 BC ´ n + BC ´ n - 1 + 3 n - 10 1 ≤ k ≤ n , 0 , k > n , and $$\{\acute{\text {BC}}_{\mathfrak {k}}\}$$ { BC ´ k } corresponds to terms of the Bronze Leonardo–Lucas sequence. The sequence $$\{\acute{\text {BC}}_{\mathfrak {k}}\}$$ { BC ´ k } is defined by $$\begin{aligned} \acute{\text {BC}}_{\mathfrak {k}} = 3\acute{\text {BC}}_{{\mathfrak {k}}-1} + \acute{\text {BC}}_{{\mathfrak {k}}-2}-3~\text { for}~{{{\mathfrak {k}}}} \le 2,~ \acute{\text {BC}}_{0}=3,\acute{\text {BC}}_{1}=4. \end{aligned}$$ BC ´ k = 3 BC ´ k - 1 + BC ´ k - 2 - 3 for k ≤ 2 , BC ´ 0 = 3 , BC ´ 1 = 4 . Using the Bronze Leonardo–Lucas matrix as a starting point, we define new matrix-domain sequence spaces related to the Bronze Leonardo–Lucas numbers. We further establish key aspects explored include the properties and inclusion relationships of these spaces, the construction of a Schauder basis, and the identification of their $$ \alpha $$ α -, $$ \beta $$ β -, and $$ \gamma $$ γ -duals. Additionally, we examine certain specific operator ideals between these spaces. Lastly, the geometric characteristics of these sequence spaces are investigated.

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Publication Details

Journal
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Mathematica
Published
2026-07-02
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44426-026-00056-w
Primary Topic
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
Type
article
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article

Bronze Leonardo–Lucas sequence spaces and their geometric properties

Bipan Hazarika, Orhan Tuǧ, S. M. Shah
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Mathematica
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
article

Bronze Leonardo–Lucas sequence spaces and their geometric properties

Bipan Hazarika, Orhan Tuǧ, S. M. Shah
article en

Abstract

In this paper, the Bronze Leonardo–Lucas matrix, denoted by $$\Gamma =(\acute{\text {BC}}_{{\mathfrak {n}}{\mathfrak {k}}})_{{{\mathfrak {n}}},{{{\mathfrak {k}}}} \in {\mathbb {N}}_0}$$ Γ = ( BC ´ n k ) n , k ∈ N 0 is defined by $$\begin{aligned} \acute{\text {BC}}_{{\mathfrak {n}}{\mathfrak {k}}} = {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \dfrac{3\acute{\text {BC}}_{\mathfrak {k}}}{4\acute{\text { BC}}_{\mathfrak {n}}+\acute{\text { BC}}_{{\mathfrak {n}}-1}+3{\mathfrak {n}}-10} & 1 \le {\mathfrak {k}} \le {\mathfrak {n}}, \ 0, & {\mathfrak {k}} > {\mathfrak {n}}, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$ BC ´ n k = 3 BC ´ k 4 BC ´ n + BC ´ n - 1 + 3 n - 10 1 ≤ k ≤ n , 0 , k > n , and $$\{\acute{\text {BC}}_{\mathfrak {k}}\}$$ { BC ´ k } corresponds to terms of the Bronze Leonardo–Lucas sequence. The sequence $$\{\acute{\text {BC}}_{\mathfrak {k}}\}$$ { BC ´ k } is defined by $$\begin{aligned} \acute{\text {BC}}_{\mathfrak {k}} = 3\acute{\text {BC}}_{{\mathfrak {k}}-1} + \acute{\text {BC}}_{{\mathfrak {k}}-2}-3~\text { for}~{{{\mathfrak {k}}}} \le 2,~ \acute{\text {BC}}_{0}=3,\acute{\text {BC}}_{1}=4. \end{aligned}$$ BC ´ k = 3 BC ´ k - 1 + BC ´ k - 2 - 3 for k ≤ 2 , BC ´ 0 = 3 , BC ´ 1 = 4 . Using the Bronze Leonardo–Lucas matrix as a starting point, we define new matrix-domain sequence spaces related to the Bronze Leonardo–Lucas numbers. We further establish key aspects explored include the properties and inclusion relationships of these spaces, the construction of a Schauder basis, and the identification of their $$ \alpha $$ α -, $$ \beta $$ β -, and $$ \gamma $$ γ -duals. Additionally, we examine certain specific operator ideals between these spaces. Lastly, the geometric characteristics of these sequence spaces are investigated.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae MathematicaVol. 18(1)
Gauhati University (IN), Tishk International University (IQ)
Sustainable cities and communities
Openalex Percentile: Top 8%
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
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Bronze Leonardo–Lucas sequence spaces and their geometric properties — Bipan Hazarika, Orhan Tuǧ, et al. · Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Mathematica (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS