Raman's 1st Law: A Hubble-Scale Criterion for Disk Galaxy Stability from z=0 to z=12

We propose Raman's 1st Law: H₁ = H[(1+β)GM_bar/R_d² - cH(z)/2π] where Hubble drag sets a cosmic stability threshold. β=1.6 from Toomre Q=1, zero free parameters. Tested on 200 galaxies from z=0 to z=12.3 including 50 major mergers: 96.5% success. Bayesian evidence K=10^50.6 vs MOND, decisive on Jeffreys scale. Predicts Cosmic Deadline z_crit≈11-12 matching JWST. War Edition explains 50/50 mergers with α=0.5. Provides cosmological origin for MOND acceleration a₀=2g_gal(0).

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-07-02
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21130510
Primary Topic
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Raman's 1st Law: A Hubble-Scale Criterion for Disk Galaxy Stability from z=0 to z=12

Raman Kumar
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
article

Raman's 1st Law: A Hubble-Scale Criterion for Disk Galaxy Stability from z=0 to z=12

Raman Kumar
article en

Abstract

We propose Raman's 1st Law: H₁ = H[(1+β)GM_bar/R_d² - cH(z)/2π] where Hubble drag sets a cosmic stability threshold. β=1.6 from Toomre Q=1, zero free parameters. Tested on 200 galaxies from z=0 to z=12.3 including 50 major mergers: 96.5% success. Bayesian evidence K=10^50.6 vs MOND, decisive on Jeffreys scale. Predicts Cosmic Deadline z_crit≈11-12 matching JWST. War Edition explains 50/50 mergers with α=0.5. Provides cosmological origin for MOND acceleration a₀=2g_gal(0).

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Openalex Percentile: Top 9%
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
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Raman's 1st Law: A Hubble-Scale Criterion for Disk Galaxy Stability from z=0 to z=12 — Raman Kumar · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS