Investigation of TPMS superposition to enhance heat transfer surface area and overhang surface reduction in compact heat exchanger design

ABSTRACT: Industry is experiencing rising thermal loads, so geometries that improve energy transfer are needed. However, defects arising from overhang in additive manufacturing affect the functionality of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) based heat exchangers. This study addresses how TPMS superposition affects heat transferring and overhang critical surfaces. The objective is to quantify the functional and manufacturing trade-offs, and to identify the optimal hybrid cells formed from gyroid, Schwarz and diamond units.