Comparing distance perception across common virtual reality locomotion methods

Abstract Virtual reality (VR) systems aim to create immersive experiences by blending real and virtual worlds. However, accurately perceiving distances in VR remains a challenge due to mismatches between real-world and simulated spatial cues. This study compares the effects of different locomotion methods—teleport, joystick, arms swinging, and real walking—on perceived traveled distance and spatial orientation in VR. An exploratory within-subject user study revealed that while arm swinging was the least preferred method, it yielded the most accurate distance estimations and superior spatial orientation. These findings underscore the importance of locomotion methods in enhancing spatial awareness in VR environments.