Transformation of pulmonology teaching in the era of clinical complexity, digital technology and patient-centered medicine

Contemporary pulmonology is characterized by a growing prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases, increasing complexity of clinical cases, and the rapid integration of digital technologies into medical practice. These trends necessitate a revision of approaches to physician training. This article presents an analysis of international models of medical education, including competency-based education, outcome-based education, and the framework of entrustable professional activities. Modern educational technologies are reviewed, such as case-based learning, problem-based learning, simulation-based training, and digital tools including virtual reality, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence systems. Particular attention is paid to the interdisciplinary approach and patient-centered learning as key components in the training of specialists. The authors propose a conceptual model of an integrated educational ecosystem in respiratory medicine.