A set of constitutive promoters with graded strengths for gene expression in diverse cyanobacterial strains

ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria have garnered interest as promising biological platforms for producing renewable biofuel, chemical feedstock, and bioactive molecules. For biotechnology applications, robust, well-characterized genetic tools are required for genetically modifying cyanobacteria, but these tools are often developed for specific model strains. Here, we used broad host-range RSF1010-based plasmids to characterize a set of orthogonal constitutive promoters in diverse cyanobacterial strains. The promoters are random variants of the synthetic Escherichia coli PconII promoter. A library of PconII promoters driving a fluorescent reporter gene was first evaluated in Synechococcus elongatus and found to have a wide range of gene expression levels. A set of 25 promoter variants with graded strengths was selected after characterization in S. elongatus and three additional model cyanobacterial strains. To demonstrate the utility of these promoters, we isolated new genetically tractable cyanobacterial strains with high salt and alkalinity tolerance, and transferred the subset of promoters into one of these newly isolated strains. Similar to the results with model strains, the subset of promoters had a wide range of expression levels in the non-model strain. These characterized promoters expand the genetic tools available for genetic engineering of model and non-model cyanobacterial strains. IMPORTANCE The use of cyanobacteria to produce renewable products will require engineered expression of many genes that affect cell growth, metabolism, and agronomic properties, leading to efficient production of biomass and desired products. Engineering the strength of gene transcription is an important element of overall gene expression levels. The set of constitutive promoters described here, with a wide range of expression strengths characterized in several diverse cyanobacterial strains, provides an important resource for genetic engineering required for biotechnology applications.