Extending QFD for smart product-service systems with smartness parameter categorization

ABSTRACT: A key aspect of Circular Economy (CE) is focusing on value creation through customer functionality and service across the entire product life cycle, supported by digitalization tools for improved management. This shift has led to the rise of smart Product-Service Systems (PSS) models. However, designing smart PSS is complex, requiring methodological support for successful implementation. This study explored the feasibility of a novel tool based on the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) framework through its practical application in the photovoltaic industry.