Managed aquifer recharge planning with groundwater modeling for sustainable rainwater management – analysis for Warsaw, Poland

Urban areas are increasingly vulnerable to flash floods, droughts and reduced groundwater recharge, intensified by climate change and extensive surface sealing. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) offers a nature-based solution to support sustainable rainwater management in cities. In Warsaw, favorable geological conditions allow for taking into consideration the use of infiltration devices such as infiltration boxes, chambers and wells to enhance recharge. This study presents a groundwater flow modeling approach to support the planning and evaluation of MAR sites in densely built-up settings. The modeling framework provides insight into environmental criteria relevant to the setting of infiltration systems. The results of analysis show only equivalent to 25% of water originating from the effective impervious area can be used to increase infiltration without posing a threat to the functioning of urban infrastructure. The article contributes practical guidance for urban water management and demonstrates a structured model of conduct for implementing MAR solutions.