Virtual reality-supported empathy in design: experimental evidence on problem framing and ideation

ABSTRACT: Gaps in lived experience hinder designers from understanding users. Virtual Reality (VR) may bridge this gap with immersive simulations, but its validity lacks comprehensive examination. This study addresses that gap via a VR scenario simulating the challenges of essential tremor (involuntary hand movements). Following the experience, designers demonstrated significantly enhanced empathy and a deeper user understanding. This translated into more accurate and contextually grounded problem framing. Designers’ rationales also suggest they intuitively internalized core design thinking principles.