Some Large Language Model Applications at the Big Four: Demonstration‐Based Field Work

ABSTRACT Recent headlines indicate that the Big Four accounting, auditing, and professional services firms (Big Four) have invested billions in artificial intelligence (AI), as they digitally transform their firms. As part of that analysis, this paper reviews several large language model (LLM) applications that have been developed and considers some of the implications of those applications, such as the democratization of knowledge and the potential impact on barriers to entry. Because LLMs are early in their life cycle and there is limited information about those applications, I take a demonstration‐based field work approach, gathering information from firm demonstrations and then building some prototypes in LLMs that simulate the demonstrated capabilities.

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Publication Details

Journal
Intelligent systems in accounting, finance and management/Intelligent systems in accounting, finance & management
Published
2026-07-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/isaf.70041
Primary Topic
Financial Reporting and XBRL
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Some Large Language Model Applications at the Big Four: Demonstration‐Based Field Work

Daniel E. O’Leary
Intelligent systems in accounting, finance and management/Intelligent systems in accounting, finance & management
Financial Reporting and XBRL
article

Some Large Language Model Applications at the Big Four: Demonstration‐Based Field Work

Daniel E. O’Leary
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Recent headlines indicate that the Big Four accounting, auditing, and professional services firms (Big Four) have invested billions in artificial intelligence (AI), as they digitally transform their firms. As part of that analysis, this paper reviews several large language model (LLM) applications that have been developed and considers some of the implications of those applications, such as the democratization of knowledge and the potential impact on barriers to entry. Because LLMs are early in their life cycle and there is limited information about those applications, I take a demonstration‐based field work approach, gathering information from firm demonstrations and then building some prototypes in LLMs that simulate the demonstrated capabilities.

Intelligent systems in accounting, finance and management/Intelligent systems in accounting, finance & managementVol. 33(3)
University of Southern California (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 5%
Financial Reporting and XBRL
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