Veterinarians’ attitudes towards the treatment and surgical management of brachycephalic dogs – a survey among small animal veterinarians in Austria

BACKGROUND: The rising popularity of flat-faced dog breeds has intensified discussions around brachycephaly and its associated health risks. The structural shortening of the skull coupled with a lack of a concurrent reduction in the volume of the soft tissues in these breeds often results in chronic health issues, notably Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), which remains incurable but may be alleviated through corrective surgical interventions. In light of these challenges, veterinarians are increasingly called upon to provide informed guidance and support to pet owners navigating the complexities of brachycephalic breed care. METHODS: Using an online questionnaire distributed to practising veterinarians in Austria (N = 395), we explored small animal veterinarians' attitudes regarding the treatment and surgical management of brachycephalic dogs. RESULTS: Veterinarians estimated that signs of BOAS are the primary presenting issue in 41-50% of the brachycephalic dogs they treat. According to the majority of surveyed veterinarians, snoring (96%) and difficulty breathing (92%) are frequently observed by owners. 40% of respondents disagreed that the treatment of brachycephalic dogs is interesting from a medical point of view. A further 30% stated that treating brachycephalic dogs is no different for them than treating other dogs. Surgical interventions for BOAS are recommended more frequently than they are performed, and veterinarians who perform surgery or work in surgical practices are significantly more likely to recommend these procedures (p < 0.001). Moreover, 70% of the veterinarians identified financial constraints as a common reason why owners decline surgical options. The severity of clinical signs of BOAS did not result in significant differences in the likelihood of recommending surgery (p = 0.363). CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the complexity surrounding attitudes to brachycephaly in dogs within the veterinary profession. While a significant proportion of veterinarians recognise the prevalence of BOAS signs, there is notable uncertainty regarding the treatment of these dogs. To address this, it is essential to enhance educational efforts aimed at both veterinarians and owners, ensuring a better understanding of the condition and its management.