The Planckon Origin of Forces: From a Single-Bond Principle to the Tension Ladder, the d0 Force, and the Ontological Absence of the Singularity
This paper builds, within the ΨD framework, the origin of forces and force carriers from a single primitive interaction — the nearest-neighbor planckon bond. Central thesis: if the planckon is the smallest indivisible entity, a separate force carrier cannot be more fundamental than it; hence carriers are not distinct substances but collective excitation modes of the planckon bond network. The core postulates of the main ΨD paper are compiled at the outset; the ontological status of d0 (a pre-physical ground) is clarified; then, from a single bond, we show that: (i) the energy ledger E(d)=(d+1)εP follows from the three-dimensional direction count; (ii) the d0→d3 tension ladder is the successive spatial derivatives of this bond; (iii) in the continuum limit the linear tension scale T=εP/ℓP emerges; (iv) in the static limit Poisson, 1/r, and the 4π solid-angle factor arise from the geometry of three-dimensionality; (v) the source coupling becomes ℓP/εP=G/c⁴. The force at the planckon scale is FP=c⁴/G=εP/ℓP; gravity is written from it (G=c⁴/FP), not the reverse. Because both the planckon and the gap are ℓP, zero is expelled from the ontology: separation is discrete, «r→0» cannot be constructed, and an absolute singularity does not arise — it is not regularized, it never appears. When the bond variable is raised to a strain tensor (ε_ij), the weak-field layer is also obtained: spin-2 (tensor) propagation, the 4π→8π trace-reversal factor, and curvature finiteness on the discrete base (Kretschmann K≤48/ℓP⁴, geodesic completeness) are derived from geometry. The honest boundary is flagged: what is derived is the linearized layer; full nonlinear GR and an independent prediction of G remain open; the burden of proof now shifts from «what happens at the singularity» to «how continuous GR emerges beyond ℓP».
Authors
- Hamdi Barut (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0761-8191)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-07-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21114078
- Primary Topic
- Biofield Effects and Biophysics
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00