Development of Compatible Biomass Models for Chinese Fir, Poplar, and Oak in Hunan Province

Direct adoption of nationwide generalized biomass models often causes systematic prediction errors when applied to forest biomass estimation in Hunan Province. This study developed localized multi−component compatible biomass model systems for Chinese fir, poplar and oak based on 461 felled−tree specimens sampled from 14 administrative cities of Hunan Province during 2022–2023. Individual allometric equations were first fitted via weighted least squares, and hierarchical compatible model structures were further established by algebraic component summation and proportional scaling under simultaneous equation constraints. The final total−biomass compatible equations were: Chinese fir: <!-- MathType@Translator@5@5@MathML2 (no namespace).tdl@MathML 2.0 (no namespace)@ -->