Exploring Motivations and Barriers: A Mixed-Methods Study of Precepting Among Advanced Practice Behavioral Health Nurses

BACKGROUND: Preceptors are vital in shaping the clinical education of psychiatric and mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs). A shortage of behavioral health providers has led to calls for increased capacity in PMHNP programs. Growing competition for sites and concerns for the recruitment and retention of qualified preceptors mean fewer placements. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to identify motivations and barriers that current PMHNPs encounter when deciding to precept students. In addition, we aimed to analyze the relationship between demographic variables and the likelihood of precepting. METHODS: The investigators developed and administered an online survey to collect demographic and other qualitative and quantitative data from 93 currently practicing PMHNPs, recruited via professional networks, nursing associations, and social media platforms. Data were analyzed in Qualtrics, and results were reported using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Common motivational themes include contributing to the future of the profession, mentorship, teaching, and maintaining a connection to academic faculty and institutions. Frequently cited challenges associated with precepting responsibilities included time constraints, competing clinical demands, paperwork and administrative burden, student professionalism, and lack of compensation for precepting work. CONCLUSION: Findings revealed a framework for creating incentives for precepting, including university perks, title, recognition, access, appreciation, organizational discounts, and a built-in compensation structure, with time reported as being most valuable. We developed an enhanced understanding and identified ways to improve the recruitment and retention of qualified preceptors in this field.