Histopathology beyond malignancy: What every new ophthalmologist must know

Abstract Histopathology in ophthalmology is often perceived as primarily focused on malignancies. However, a wide spectrum of non-neoplastic ocular conditions rely on histopathological evaluation for accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and management planning. This article highlights the broader relevance of ocular histopathology beyond cancer, emphasizing inflammatory, degenerative, developmental, and infectious conditions. The discussion is aimed at young ophthalmologists to enhance their understanding of histopathology as a comprehensive diagnostic tool rather than a cancer-exclusive modality.