Exploring the role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in polycystic ovary syndrome: therapeutic potential of herbal medicines

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders in women during their reproductive years and is associated with a wide range of reproductive, metabolic, and psychological complications. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the complex pathophysiology of PCOS, focusing on the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome's role in mediating inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic potential of herbal medicines in modulating the NLRP3 pathway, highlighting their multi-targeted mechanisms of action. The bioactive compounds derived from various medicinal plants may effectively regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby alleviating the symptoms associated with PCOS. As PCOS continues to pose significant health challenges for women worldwide, this review emphasizes the necessity for innovative therapeutic strategies that integrate traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches.