Geometric Frustration at High Reynolds Numbers in a Vector Shell Model with Angular Dependence

This paper investigates whether geometric frustration persists at high Reynolds numbers in the vector shell model with angular dependence (VSMAM). As stated in the abstract, “the enstrophy remains bounded in all cases, even when the nonlinearity strongly dominates over viscous dissipation,” and “this demonstrates that geometric frustration is not a low‑Reynolds‑number artifact.” Simulations at viscosities v=10^−5,10^−6,10^−7 show that enstrophy stays bounded and eventually decays, confirming that geometric frustration remains effective even when viscosity is reduced by two orders of magnitude.