Materials advances in GTR membrane: A comprehensive review

Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) is an important part of periodontal therapy. It uses barrier membranes to selectively direct the regeneration of lost periodontal structures. The effectiveness of GTR is mainly based on the natural properties of the materials that make up these membranes. This review examines the evolution of membrane materials, transitioning from traditional non-resorbable types to contemporary bioresorbable polymers and composites. A big focus is on new technologies that are meant to improve clinical outcomes. These involve the development of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds and the incorporation of bioactive agents such as antimicrobials (e.g., metallic nanoparticles) and growth factors to facilitate healing and prevent infection. In conclusion, while current materials have improved the predictability of regeneration, the future of GTR relies on the development of intelligent, multifunctional membranes that provide both a physical barrier and a controlled bioactive environment to precisely orchestrate the healing process.