A Systematic Review of Performance Evaluation of Composite High-Rise Structures Subjected to Wind and Seismic Loads: Analytical Methods, Key Findings, and Research Gaps

Recent years have seen the structural engineering community increasingly embrace the use of a steel–concrete composite system, especially Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CFST) columns, in the design of high-rise buildings. However, there is no literature that has reviewed their performance as per the combined wind and seismic requirements specified in Indian Standards (IS 875:2015 & IS 1893:2016) yet. A systematic review of 32 peer-reviewed studies published from 2008 to 2024 was used to summarize evidence of analytical methodologies, structural performance parameters, computer programs, and trends in design. The review shows that the maximum storey displacement of CFST columns is 49–55% lower at equivalent section size, the lateral stiffness is 61–65% higher, base shear is reduced by 17–19% with optimised section size and the area of column cross sections can be reduced by 52%, the net floor area gained by which would be around 66 m² in a typical G+10 building. The state of the practice method for Zone V seismic assessment in ETABS is called Non-linear Dynamic time-history analysis. Six key research needs are identified and a structured research roadmap is suggested covering the development of material databases for Zone V; development of a coupled wind–earthquake performance framework; and optimisation of lifecycle costs for composite systems.