Sterically Crowded Hexaterpyridyl–BODIPY: A Multiresponsive Far‐Red Emissive AIE‐Active Probe for Zn(II) Recognition and Biological Applications

Sterically crowded aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active fluorophores provide a powerful approach to constructing multifunctional platforms for sensing and bioimaging. Herein, we describe the rational design and synthesis of a highly crowded hexaterpyridyl‐functionalized BODIPY, obtained through hexabromination of the BODIPY core followed by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling with terpyridyl boronic acid derivatives. Spectroscopic characterization confirms the structure, while the installation of six terpyridine units at the α/β positions generates substantial steric crowding, leading to pronounced AIE behavior, far‐red emission, cooperative metal‐ion coordination, and efficient cellular imaging. Systematic aggregation studies in THF/water mixtures reveal significant fluorescence enhancement correlated with the formation of well‐defined spherical nanoaggregates, as confirmed by TEM and SEM analyses. The hexaterpyridyl–BODIPY further exhibits selective Zn(II) recognition with distinct fluorescence responses. Comparative studies with α,α‐ and β,β‐diterpyridyl analogs emphasize the critical role of multiligand steric crowding in tuning aggregation, photophysical properties, and biological performance. Notably, the hexaterpyridyl derivative shows efficient cellular uptake, bright intracellular fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility in normal and cancer cell lines, and enhanced phototoxicity compared to its counterparts. DFT calculations elucidate the structure–property relationships, establishing a versatile molecular design strategy that integrates AIE, metal‐ion sensing, and bioimaging within a single BODIPY scaffold.

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Publication Details

Journal
European Journal of Organic Chemistry
Published
2026-06-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70644
Primary Topic
Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
Type
article
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article

Sterically Crowded Hexaterpyridyl–BODIPY: A Multiresponsive Far‐Red Emissive AIE‐Active Probe for Zn(II) Recognition and Biological Applications

Kanhu Charan Behera, Suprava Das
European Journal of Organic Chemistry
Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
article

Sterically Crowded Hexaterpyridyl–BODIPY: A Multiresponsive Far‐Red Emissive AIE‐Active Probe for Zn(II) Recognition and Biological Applications

Kanhu Charan Behera, Suprava Das
article en

Abstract

Sterically crowded aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active fluorophores provide a powerful approach to constructing multifunctional platforms for sensing and bioimaging. Herein, we describe the rational design and synthesis of a highly crowded hexaterpyridyl‐functionalized BODIPY, obtained through hexabromination of the BODIPY core followed by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling with terpyridyl boronic acid derivatives. Spectroscopic characterization confirms the structure, while the installation of six terpyridine units at the α/β positions generates substantial steric crowding, leading to pronounced AIE behavior, far‐red emission, cooperative metal‐ion coordination, and efficient cellular imaging. Systematic aggregation studies in THF/water mixtures reveal significant fluorescence enhancement correlated with the formation of well‐defined spherical nanoaggregates, as confirmed by TEM and SEM analyses. The hexaterpyridyl–BODIPY further exhibits selective Zn(II) recognition with distinct fluorescence responses. Comparative studies with α,α‐ and β,β‐diterpyridyl analogs emphasize the critical role of multiligand steric crowding in tuning aggregation, photophysical properties, and biological performance. Notably, the hexaterpyridyl derivative shows efficient cellular uptake, bright intracellular fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility in normal and cancer cell lines, and enhanced phototoxicity compared to its counterparts. DFT calculations elucidate the structure–property relationships, establishing a versatile molecular design strategy that integrates AIE, metal‐ion sensing, and bioimaging within a single BODIPY scaffold.

European Journal of Organic Chemistry
National Taiwan University (TW), Chang Gung University (TW), Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 16%
Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
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