Isolated Splenic Peliosis: A Case Report

Isolated splenic peliosis is an exceptionally rare benign vascular disorder characterized by blood-filled cystic cavities within the splenic parenchyma. Although the condition is frequently asymptomatic, it carries a significant risk of spontaneous rupture leading to hemoperitoneum and hemorrhagic shock. Its imaging features overlap substantially with more common benign or malignant vascular or cystic tumors, posing a diagnostic challenge on cross-sectional imaging. We report a case of incidentally discovered isolated splenic peliosis in a 66-year-old woman, with emphasis on multiphasic CT and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI findings, and discuss key imaging features.