Architecture of Geometrical Construction for Multistage Thermoelectric System

An architectural framework for a multistage thermoelectric system is developed by using COMSOL Multiphysics. The geometrical construction of the basic building blocks comprising Bi₂Te₃ material based p-type and n-type thermoelectric legs integrated with copper and tungsten thermocouples is systematically modeled and analyzed. A three dimensional multistage configuration is designed by a series-connected p-type and n-type legs arranged in layered segments. The influence of geometrical parameters and thermocouple architecture on system performance is evaluated through numerical simulations. The performance of the thermoelectric system is assessed in terms of coefficient of performance under different temperature differences and input currents. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed multistage geometrical architecture achieves a maximum temperature difference of approximately 73.5 K and exhibits improved coefficient of performance at lower temperature gradients. The findings highlight the importance of geometrical construction and multistage architecture in enhancing thermoelectric system performance, providing useful design guidelines for efficient thermoelectric cooling and energy conversion applications.