The Role of Macroprudential Policies in the Institutional Transformation Process: A Conceptual Assessment on Emerging Market Economies

This study investigates the role of macroprudential policies in the institutional transformation of emerging market economies through a comparative analysis of Turkey, Brazil, and Indonesia. Drawing on the conceptual foundation that macroprudential policy is not merely a technical instrument but also a component of governance and institutional reform, the paper examines how these policies have reshaped regulatory responsibilities, coordination mechanisms, and accountability structures. The research builds upon the typology of institutional models defined by Nier et al. (2011), classifying countries into centralized, independent, and coordination-based frameworks. Case analyses reveal that while Brazil’s centralized structure enabled rapid decision-making, it generated accountability risks; Indonesia’s dual model offered institutional clarity and transparency, albeit with occasional delays; and Turkey’s coordination-based system lacked legal enforceability, limiting long-term policy sustainability. The findings emphasize that macroprudential effectiveness is closely tied to governance quality, legal mandates, and the degree of institutional integration. Based on these observations, the study provides policy recommendations for enhancing coordination, strengthening legal foundations, and fostering public legitimacy. It concludes that macroprudential governance is not only essential for financial stability but also a strategic tool for rebuilding state capacity and ensuring long-term economic resilience. This contribution adds value to the literature by integrating macroprudential regulation into a broader institutional context and offering actionable insights for policy design in emerging markets.