Reproducible State-of-Charge and Range Evaluation of a 350 W Electric Scooter Under an Urban NEDC Driving Cycle

This article presents an experimental–computational methodology for evaluating the state of charge (SoC), energy consumption, terminal-voltage behavior, and driving range of a 350 W electric scooter powered by a 36 V, 7.8 Ah lithium-ion battery. The test was carried out using a 117 s elementary urban driving cycle derived from the low-speed section of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and limited to the 32 km/h operating speed of the scooter. Laboratory measurements were performed on rollers under controlled conditions. Battery current and terminal voltage were recorded during the discharge test. The experimental SoC was reconstructed from the measured current by trapezoidal Coulomb counting. The voltage-derived SoC values included in the original laboratory file were kept only for traceability, since they did not correspond to current integration. A MATLAB/Simulink model was developed to reproduce the driving cycle, longitudinal vehicle dynamics, DC motor demand, battery current, and SoC evolution. The valid experimental endpoint occurred at 5233 s, when the terminal voltage reached 31.50 V. At this point, the tested distance was 16.49 km, the discharged capacity was 5.817 Ah, and the final experimental SoC was 25.42%. The simulation produced a discharged capacity of 5.147 Ah and a final SoC of 34.01%, with a charge deviation of 11.51%. Energy consumption was also evaluated from the measured and simulated electrical power. The experimentally integrated discharged energy was 208.10 Wh, equivalent to 12.62 Wh/km. The simulated electrical demand was 184.41 Wh, equivalent to 11.18 Wh/km. A semiempirical terminal-voltage reconstruction, based on the simulated SoC, current demand, an open-circuit-voltage curve, and a fixed internal resistance, reproduced the global voltage-decay trend observed in the experiment. The simplified model captured the general discharge behavior, although it underestimated the measured charge and energy demand. The proposed workflow provides a reproducible basis for comparing manufacturer-declared range, laboratory measurements, current-based SoC reconstruction, energy consumption, and simplified simulation results in light electric vehicles.