A Fatal Case of Intoxication in a Confined Space: Forensic Evaluation of Epoxy-Related VOC Exposure

Aim: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are low-molecular-weight carbon-containing substances widely used in industrial processes and solvent-based products such as paints and epoxy materials. Exposure occurs mainly through inhalation and may lead to neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects. This study aims to present a fatal case associated with VOC exposure during epoxy application in a confined space and to emphasize the importance of occupational safety measures.Case: A 28-year-old male who had entered the enclosed motor room of a villa swimming pool to apply epoxy insulation was found deceased the following morning. On-site investigation revealed that the area was enclosed and poorly ventilated, and that epoxy and solvent-based materials were present. A strong chemical odor was reported, and environmental measurements detected VOC concentrations of 130 ppm. Autopsy revealed conjunctival hyperemia, frothy fluid in the airways, pulmonary edema, and widespread chemical contamination on the body surface. Toxicological analysis identified p-xylene and toluene in blood and lung samples. Death was attributed to acute intoxication due to VOC exposure in a confined space.Conclusion: This case highlights the potential lethality of VOC exposure in confined environments and underscores the importance of adequate ventilation, personal protective equipment, and occupational safety precautions when working with solvent-based materials.