Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Non-functioning Pituitary Adenoma by Transcriptome Analysis

<h3>Background/Aim:</h3> Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is the most common pituitary tumor. Due to the lack of hormone hypersecretion, it is often diagnosed when the tumor enlarges and gives compression symptoms. Surgical resection is the primary treatment modality; however, complete remission rates remain suboptimal. In this study, we aimed to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may be involved in NFPA pathogenesis. <h3>Materials and Methods:</h3> We used gene expression microarrays to identify DEGs between 45 NFPA samples and 8 normal controls. We performed enrichment analysis to discover signaling pathways associated with NFPA and construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to find out key genes related to the disease. <h3>Results:</h3> We identified 270 up-regulated and 2,428 down-regulated DEGs in NFPA samples compared to normal controls. The cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction was the most significant pathway with notable up-regulation of <i>PRLR</i>, <i>TNFRSF21</i> and <i>LEPR</i> genes. <i>CCND1, POU5F1, SOX2, HNF1A, BRCA1</i> and <i>FOXA1</i> were key nodes in PPI networks. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> <i>CCND1</i>, <i>POU5F1</i>, <i>SOX2</i>, <i>HNF1A</i>, <i>BRCA1</i>, and <i>FOXA1</i> were identified as key molecules that may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted therapy of NFPA.