Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Evaluation of Clinical and Biochemical Indices of Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors in Patients Referring to Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah: A Five‐Year Analytical Study (2017–2022)

Background and Aims: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) encompasses a spectrum of pregnancy-related disorders and poses significant clinical challenges. Understanding its prevalence, clinical characteristics, and associated risk factors is essential for timely diagnosis and management. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical and biochemical features, and associated factors of GTN patients admitted to a tertiary referral center in northwestern Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on all women diagnosed with GTN at Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah, between 2017 and 2022. Data were collected retrospectively from both electronic and paper-based medical records using a standardized checklist. Variables included demographics, obstetric and medical history, clinical signs, biochemical markers (β-hCG), treatment modalities, and metastatic status. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS v26. Results: Among 30,133 deliveries during the study period, 382 GTN cases were identified, yielding a prevalence of 1.27%. Complete mole was the most frequent subtype (56.8%), followed by partial mole (37.7%). Vaginal bleeding (85.6%) and uterine enlargement (74.6%) were the most common clinical presentations. Blood group A was the most prevalent (47.4%), and 15.4% of patients had a history of consanguineous marriage. Uterine evacuation was the primary treatment (85.3%), with chemotherapy and hysterectomy used as indicated. Metastatic disease was observed in 7.6% of patients, predominantly affecting the lungs. Conclusion: GTN represents a notable health concern in this region, with complete mole being the most common form. Age, educational level, blood group, and prior molar pregnancy were identified as relevant factors. Early recognition based on clinical and biochemical markers, alongside structured follow-up, is crucial to optimizing outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of awareness, education, and comprehensive care strategies for high-risk populations.