Framework for virtual laboratory design in mechanical engineering education in Morocco based on ADDIE Lean and competence based learning

The paper presents the conception, design and the implementation of a virtual laboratory for mechanical engineering education in Morocco, particularly for practical sessions, by finding its roots in the new trend of digital pedagogy and virtual reality. VLs are essential instruments that connect theoretical principles to practical uses, overcoming limits presented by traditional laboratories such as cost, safety hazards and availability. This approach provides a comprehensive and appropriate learning method supported by the mentioned success factors VLS namely: ADDIE Model, Lean Production process applied to technical education and competence-based approach CBA educational frameworks. The VL includes all machines which is essential for mechanical engineering competencies, and we focused on a practical session of the CNC and CMM Machines. Technically, these VLs will be designed using Blender to visualize realistic 3D models and Unity for developing interactive virtual environments, physics simulations, and gamified features. In such a setup, students are enabled to conduct virtual experiments, carry out rigorous data analysis, and develop problem-solving skills in a secure environment that can easily be reproduced. The aim of this work is to propose an ad hoc framework in designing and deploying mechanical engineering VLs across Morocco, which transforms learning from theoretical and practical labs, democratizes access to quality training, and builds a skilled manpower able to meet national and global industrial needs.