Center-Type Dynamics and Nonintegrability in Rocard’s Oscillator

Abstract Rocard’s oscillator is a third-order nonlinear equation given by $$ \dddot{z}+\varepsilon \omega \ddot{z}+\omega ^{2}\dot{z} +\omega ^{3}\Bigl [\varepsilon +\eta \Bigl (1-z^{2}-\frac{\dot{z}^{2}}{\omega ^{2}}\Bigr )\Bigr ]z=0, $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⃛</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¨</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:msup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> depending on the parameters $$\varepsilon $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> </mml:math> , $$\eta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> </mml:math> and $$\omega \ne 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≠</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where $$\omega $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> </mml:math> sets a characteristic time scale and is treated as fixed throughout the analysis. We prove that, for $$\eta = 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the equilibrium at the origin exhibits center-type behavior on a two-dimensional center manifold and admits a local analytic first integral. This explains the vanishing of the first Lyapunov coefficient and rules out a Hopf bifurcation at this parameter value. We then analyze the conservative limit $$\varepsilon = 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , showing that the system is reversible and volume-preserving, in a setting compatible with the nonintegrability results of Hu and Tang (2025). Finally, we discuss these nonintegrability results within a geometric framework connecting the center-type dynamics at $$\eta =0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with the conservative reversible structure arising in the dissipation-free regime.

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Journal
Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems
Published
2026-06-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12346-026-01542-9
Primary Topic
Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
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article
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article

Center-Type Dynamics and Nonintegrability in Rocard’s Oscillator

Mário Medina, Johanna D. García–Saldaña, Martha Álvarez–Ramírez
Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems
Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
article

Center-Type Dynamics and Nonintegrability in Rocard’s Oscillator

Mário Medina, Johanna D. García–Saldaña, Martha Álvarez–Ramírez
article en

Abstract

Abstract Rocard’s oscillator is a third-order nonlinear equation given by $$ \dddot{z}+\varepsilon \omega \ddot{z}+\omega ^{2}\dot{z} +\omega ^{3}\Bigl [\varepsilon +\eta \Bigl (1-z^{2}-\frac{\dot{z}^{2}}{\omega ^{2}}\Bigr )\Bigr ]z=0, $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⃛</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¨</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>[</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:msup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> depending on the parameters $$\varepsilon $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> </mml:math> , $$\eta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> </mml:math> and $$\omega \ne 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≠</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where $$\omega $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> </mml:math> sets a characteristic time scale and is treated as fixed throughout the analysis. We prove that, for $$\eta = 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the equilibrium at the origin exhibits center-type behavior on a two-dimensional center manifold and admits a local analytic first integral. This explains the vanishing of the first Lyapunov coefficient and rules out a Hopf bifurcation at this parameter value. We then analyze the conservative limit $$\varepsilon = 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , showing that the system is reversible and volume-preserving, in a setting compatible with the nonintegrability results of Hu and Tang (2025). Finally, we discuss these nonintegrability results within a geometric framework connecting the center-type dynamics at $$\eta =0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with the conservative reversible structure arising in the dissipation-free regime.

Qualitative Theory of Dynamical SystemsVol. 25(4)
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (MX), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (CL)
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
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