Contemporary Standards in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders: An Overview of International Recommendations and Implications for Central and Eastern Europe

Abstract This study compared current national and international guidance documents on temporomandibular disorders (TMD), with particular attention to their relevance for Central and Eastern Europe. A structured narrative review with comparative thematic analysis was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and targeted grey-literature screening of official websites. Across documents, recommendations converged toward conservative, reversible, and increasingly biopsychosocial care. Patient education, self-management, and indication-based imaging were repeatedly emphasised, whereas irreversible occlusal interventions were generally discouraged or not supported as routine treatment. In the targeted regional screening, only one nationally endorsed management guideline was identified in Central and Eastern Europe, suggesting limited visibility of updated formal guidance in much of the region. These findings support the use of concise, safety-oriented consensus documents, such as the INfORM/IADR key points for good clinical practice based on standard of care, to improve clinical orientation and reduce overtreatment where local guideline infrastructure remains limited.